Презентація на тему «Nouns in English»
277
Слайд #1
Nouns in English
Слайд #2
Plural Nouns
Regular Plurals
end with s or es.
Regular Plurals
end with s or es.
Слайд #3
Add -es to make nouns plural that end with:
s
buses
x
taxes
ch
benches
sh
dishes
s
buses
x
taxes
ch
benches
sh
dishes
Слайд #4
Add -ies to make nouns plural that end with a consonant and -y:
Lady - ladies
Fry – fries
City – cities
Army – armies
Lady - ladies
Fry – fries
City – cities
Army – armies
Слайд #5
Most nouns that end in -f or -fe change to -ves when made plural:
Calf - calves
Knife – knives
Leaf – leaves
Wolf – wolves
Wife - wives
Calf - calves
Knife – knives
Leaf – leaves
Wolf – wolves
Wife - wives
Слайд #6
BUT:
Chief – chiefs
Handkerchief – handkerchiefs
Roof – roofs
Safe - safes
Chief – chiefs
Handkerchief – handkerchiefs
Roof – roofs
Safe - safes
Слайд #7
Nouns that end in -o add -es when made plural.
Tomato - tomatoes
Potato – potatoes
Hero -heroes
Tomato - tomatoes
Potato – potatoes
Hero -heroes
Слайд #8
BUT:
Piano – pianos
Photo - photos
Piano – pianos
Photo - photos
Слайд #9
ends with -us
Change -us to -i
cactus - cactinucleus - nucleifocus - foci
Change -us to -i
cactus - cactinucleus - nucleifocus - foci
Слайд #10
ends with -is
Change -is to -es
analysis - analysescrisis - crisesthesis - theses
Change -is to -es
analysis - analysescrisis - crisesthesis - theses
Слайд #11
ends with -on
Change -on to -a
phenomenon - phenomenacriterion - criteria
Change -on to -a
phenomenon - phenomenacriterion - criteria
Слайд #12
IRREGULAR PLURALS
Слайд #13
Some nouns do not change at all when made plural:
Sheep - sheep
Deer – deer
Moose – moose
Trout – trout
Sheep - sheep
Deer – deer
Moose – moose
Trout – trout
Слайд #14
Some nouns become a new word when made plural:
Man – men
Woman – women
Foot - feet
Goose – geese
Tooth – teeth
Mouse – mice
Louse - lice
Man – men
Woman – women
Foot - feet
Goose – geese
Tooth – teeth
Mouse – mice
Louse - lice
Слайд #15
Child – children
Ox – oxen
Ox – oxen
Слайд #16
A few nouns have only plural forms:
Scissors
Trousers
Jeans
Spectacles
Clothes
Scissors
Trousers
Jeans
Spectacles
Clothes
Слайд #17
A few nouns have only plural forms:
Tongs
Scales
Savings
Goods
Stairs
Arms
Tongs
Scales
Savings
Goods
Stairs
Arms
Слайд #18
Nouns that have only singular forms:
Money
Fruit Hair
Twilight
Advice News
Money
Fruit Hair
Twilight
Advice News
Слайд #19
Compound Nouns: the main word has plural form
Singular
Plural
billboard
billboards
cupful
cupfuls
campground
campgrounds
maid of honor
maids of honor
attorney-at-law
attorneys-at-law
step-brother
step-brothers
Great-grandma
Great-grandmas
Singular
Plural
billboard
billboards
cupful
cupfuls
campground
campgrounds
maid of honor
maids of honor
attorney-at-law
attorneys-at-law
step-brother
step-brothers
Great-grandma
Great-grandmas
Слайд #20
Possessive Case
SINGULAR:
man – man's, child- child's
PLURAL:
chairs – chairs', rooms – rooms',
men - men's, women – women's
SINGULAR:
man – man's, child- child's
PLURAL:
chairs – chairs', rooms – rooms',
men - men's, women – women's
Слайд #21
Possessive Case of Compounds and Phrases – ‘s is added to the whole phrase
Mother-in-law – mother-in-law's
Maid of honor – maid of honor's
Attorney-at-law - attorney-at-law's
Mother-in-law – mother-in-law's
Maid of honor – maid of honor's
Attorney-at-law - attorney-at-law's
Слайд #22
Noun Suffixes
Слайд #23
Denoting people
Слайд #24
People in a certain occupation or activity:
er (-or): adviser, baker, butcher, driver, teacher, reader, protector, director, earner / actor, advisor, ancestor, animator, bachelor, counselor, navigator, tailor, vendor, warrior
eer: engineer, mountaineer, volunteer, domineer, auctioneer, profiteer, racketeer
er (-or): adviser, baker, butcher, driver, teacher, reader, protector, director, earner / actor, advisor, ancestor, animator, bachelor, counselor, navigator, tailor, vendor, warrior
eer: engineer, mountaineer, volunteer, domineer, auctioneer, profiteer, racketeer
Слайд #25
Denoting people in a certain activity:
ster: gangster, gamester, trickster, prankster, funster
ee: addressee, grantee, employee, attendee, refugee, escapee, returnee
ant: servant, inhabitant, aspirant, immigrant
ster: gangster, gamester, trickster, prankster, funster
ee: addressee, grantee, employee, attendee, refugee, escapee, returnee
ant: servant, inhabitant, aspirant, immigrant
Слайд #26
Denoting females/ instruments:
ess: duchess, countess, princess, empress, waitress, stewardess, hostess,
ina, ine: heroine, czarina, concertina,
ess: duchess, countess, princess, empress, waitress, stewardess, hostess,
ina, ine: heroine, czarina, concertina,
Слайд #27
Small things:
let = small, unimportant: piglet, owlet, booklet
ling = small: duckling, gosling, princeling
ette = small, imitation: cigarette, kitchenette, diskette
let = small, unimportant: piglet, owlet, booklet
ling = small: duckling, gosling, princeling
ette = small, imitation: cigarette, kitchenette, diskette
Слайд #28
State/ activity:
ing: bathing, reading, cooking, writing, speaking
tion/ -sion: depression, revolution, opression, ogranization
ment: movement, agreement, development, pavement
al: arrival, approval, festival, portal
ing: bathing, reading, cooking, writing, speaking
tion/ -sion: depression, revolution, opression, ogranization
ment: movement, agreement, development, pavement
al: arrival, approval, festival, portal
Слайд #29
State/ status:
hood: childhood, brotherhood, motherhood, neighborhood, boyhood, parenthood, manhood
ness: happiness, freshness, attentiveness, fastness, aggressiveness, correctness, awareness
ity: rapidity, stupidity, aridity
hood: childhood, brotherhood, motherhood, neighborhood, boyhood, parenthood, manhood
ness: happiness, freshness, attentiveness, fastness, aggressiveness, correctness, awareness
ity: rapidity, stupidity, aridity
Слайд #30
Amount:
ful: handful, mouthful, spoonful, bowful
age: coverage, courage, percentage,
ful: handful, mouthful, spoonful, bowful
age: coverage, courage, percentage,
Слайд #31
Ideas/ conditions:
ism = doctrine: communism, capitalism, racism
ship= condition: dictatorship
ism = doctrine: communism, capitalism, racism
ship= condition: dictatorship
Слайд #32
Ideas/ followers:
ist = follower: communist, capitalist, racist
an = follower, born in: republican, American, Asian
ite = follower, born in: islamite, kyivite.
ist = follower: communist, capitalist, racist
an = follower, born in: republican, American, Asian
ite = follower, born in: islamite, kyivite.
